What term describes the surgical removal of an animal's reproductive organs?

The term that describes the surgical removal of an animal's reproductive organs is "spaying" for females and "castration" for males. In this context, selecting "castration" as the correct choice reflects the procedure specifically for male animals, where the testicles are removed. This process serves several purposes, including population control, prevention of certain diseases, and modification of behavior.

Among the other terms, "euthanasia" refers to the act of intentionally ending an animal's life to relieve suffering and is not related to the surgical removal of reproductive organs. "Declawing" involves the surgical removal of a cat's claws and is a completely different procedure with its own implications. Understanding these distinctions is important in veterinary science, as each procedure has its specific indications and consequences for the animal's health and well-being.